A medieval castle is an argument about ground, and the aerial view is where you can follow it: why this spur and not the next, how the approach was forced into one exposed path, where the ditch was cut, how the outer ward absorbed what the inner ward never had to face.
Strongholds of Europe and the Crusader Levant, standing and ruined, each with aerial views, photographs, video and a guide to their construction, sieges and what survives.
13 Medieval Castles and Fortresses
