History of Cacaxtla
Cacaxtla is an archaeological site located in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. It was inhabited between 600 and 900 CE during the Epiclassic period of Mesoamerica. The site is believed to have been constructed by the Olmeca-Xicalanca, a little-known ethnic group that displaced others and dominated the central Mexican region.
The name "Cacaxtla" comes from the Nahuatl word meaning "place of cacaxtles," referring to wooden frames used for carrying goods, highlighting the site's importance as a commercial hub.
Main Features of Cacaxtla
Murals
- Cacaxtla is renowned for its murals, considered some of the finest artistic works in Mesoamerica.
- These murals depict battle scenes, mythical figures, and symbolic elements tied to deities and rituals.
- They reflect a blend of cultural influences from the Maya, Teotihuacan, and Zapotec civilizations, showcasing a rich interaction of traditions.
The Great Platform
The site’s centerpiece is the Great Platform, a massive structure that served as the foundation for temples and ceremonial buildings. The famous murals, including the "Jaguar Warrior" and the "Bird Warrior," are housed within this platform.
Site Functionality
Cacaxtla served as a significant ceremonial, political, and military center. Its strategic location allowed it to control vital trade routes in central Mexico.
Discovery
Cacaxtla was rediscovered in 1975 during archaeological excavations that uncovered its remarkable murals. The layers of earth that covered the murals helped preserve them from natural deterioration over the centuries.
Main Attractions
- Murals of the Jaguar and Bird Warriors: These depict warriors adorned with jaguar and bird symbols, representing sacred animals in Mesoamerican mythology.
- The Battle Mural: A vivid depiction of combat between groups, featuring detailed scenes of victorious and defeated warriors.
- The Palace: Likely used by the governing elite, this structure showcases the grandeur of Cacaxtla’s architecture.
How to Get There
Cacaxtla is located near San Miguel del Milagro, approximately 40 kilometers from the city of Tlaxcala. It can be reached by car or public transportation from Puebla or Tlaxcala.
Cacaxtla offers a glimpse into the complexity of pre-Hispanic Mexican culture, highlighting its artistic, religious, and societal richness. The murals are considered a unique window into the worldview and beliefs of the region's ancient inhabitants.